Retina Doctor in Kolkata Dr.Sangeeta Roy specializes in the following services and procedure

Surgical Retinal 

Retinal Detachment: It is a condition in which the layer of the eye that is responsible of perceiving light detaches from the normal position. It causes sudden loss of vision and it should be treated urgently. The only treatment for this condition is surgery and early surgery can help in restoring vision.

Retinal detachment is one of the few ophthalmic emergencies which needs early intervention. If you have sudden loss of vision then you should immediately go to the retina specialist. After the diagnosis your doctor will inform you about the surgery and also about the pros and cons of surgery.

There are two types of retinal detachment surgery depending on the age,lens status of the patient and the type of retinal detachment. One is done from outside where a silicone band is put and some freezing technique is used to settle the retina

The other type is a more extensive surgery where the retina is attached and some oil or gas is put to keep the retina settled. Here laser therapy is done to close the breaks. You might need multiple surgeries and at times the visual prognosis might not be very good.

Macular surgery: Macula is the central part of the retina and it is the most sensitive part of the retina.It is the area of the eye which is responsible of many important function like brightness sensitivity colour and contrast sensitivity. The most common diseases of macula that needs surgery are macular hole, epiretinal membrane and vitreomacular traction.

All macular pathologies don’t need surgeries. But we do surgery when the vision is less or when the patient has distortion of vision where we remove the present in the eye called the vitreous and replace it with gas. We also tell the patient to lie on his abdomen for 5-7 days. The patient is also about no air travel for 4-6 weeks.

Vitreous hemorrhage: Vitreous hemorrhage is a condition when there is bleeding inside the eye in front of the retina. It may occur in a lot of systemic conditions  like diabetes mellitus, hypertension etc or in trauma. A lot of vitreous hemorrhages resolve on its own so not all the vitreous hemorrhage patients need surgery. In the surgical procedure we remove the hemorrhage along with the gel in front of the retina and replace it with air or gas or silicone oil. The visual prognosis depends on the condition of the retina and sometimes the patients might need multiple surgeries.

Diabetic retinopathy and screening.

India is the diabetic capital of the world. It can cause severe vision loss if left untreated. Screening for diabetic retinopathy is very important to diagnose the disease as early as possible to prevent severe vision loss with early intervention. The diabetics should be screened every year even if the patient does not have any symptom as diabetic retinopathy is a very silent disease. By the time the disease is diagnosed the damage has progressed a lot and the vision loss is irreversible.

The treatment of diabetic retinopathy includes laser, intravitreal injections and surgeries depending on the stage of the disease. The surgery is done to arrest the disease and the visual prognosis is sometimes guarded if diagnosed late.

Medical Retina

ARMD: Age Related Macular Degeneration is a condition which usually affects patients of more than 60 years of age. The patients present with sudden onset decrease of vision, distortion of vision or loss of central vision. The main modality of treatment in ARMD is multiple intravitreal anti VEGF injections.

Vein occlusion:It is like a stroke happening in the retinaone or more blood vessel supplying the retina is blocked. It can happen in patients with Dibates Mellitus, hypertension or hypercholesterolemia. Patients present with Sudden onset loss of vision or distortion of vision. Main modality of treatment is intravitreal anti VEGF injections and surgery when the patient presents with vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment.

Myopic Degeneration : High minus power is often associated with peripheral degenerations and holes, tears and sometimes they lead to Retinal Detachment

Laser surgery is done in a lot of conditions like diabetic retinopathy, vein occlusion etc. it is also done to repair a retinal tear or hole. The surgeon uses a laser to surround the tear in the retina just like welding. It is done prophylactically to prevent more devastating disease like retinal detachment.

Trauma

Ocular trauma can be devastating to the eye. There can be open globe injury where there is rupture of the layer of the eye or there can be closed globe injury where there is no rupture of the eyeball but there is a lot of damage inside the eye. In cases of open globe injury the patient needs urgent surgery to close the rupture. Closed globe injury should be examined thoroughly to rule out any retinal detachment or any retinal tear.

Sometimes the patients present with foreign body inside the eye. All foreign bodies need not be removed from the eye. But foreign bodies made of iron, copper or vegetative matter has to be removed from the eye to prevent further damage to the eye.

UVEITIS

 Uveitis is the disease of the middle layer of the eye that is the uvea. It is the inflammation of the uvea.

The patients of uveitis present with redness,severe pain and diminution of vision. Sometimes uveitis is a part of a much larger spectrum of systemic diseases like Tuberculosis, arthiritis, HIV etc. It can affect patients of all age groups and may affect both the eyes.

Uveitis can be serious, leading to permanent vision loss. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent complications and preserve your vision.

ROP SCREENING AND TREATMENT: 

Retinopathy of prematurity is a potentially blinding disease in premature babies. All premature babies should be screened thoroughly to diagnose the disease as early as possible so that early treatment in  the form of laser can be done to prevent further damage. Primary prevention of ROP by reducing exposure to risk factors like oxygen, blood products and systematic infection is addressed by different set of guidelines.

NEURO OPHTHAMOLOGY: Neuro-Ophthalmology is a super specialty that merges the fields of neurology and ophthalmology. Neuro-ophthalmologists are responsible for the diagnosis and management of complex systemic diseases of the nervous system that affect vision, eye movements and alignment, as well as pupillary reflexes. Sometimes a much serious disease like brain stroke, brain tumour,multiple sclerosis etc.

Retinal investigations

In order to diagnose and prognosticate the condition we do many investigations lie

Fundus fluorescein angiography- In this we inject a dye in the patients vein and click some photographs of patient’s eye. It is very important in managing patients of Diabetic retinooathy,vein occlusion and ARMD.It ia very important tool to diagnose a lot of diseases.

Optical Coherence Tomography:  It is like the CT Scan of the retina. It is a very important investigation in retina as it tells us about the different layers of retina in details.